McCulloch v. Maryland
McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819), was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law, by its language, was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland, the Second Bank of the United States was the only out-of-state bank then existing in Maryland, and the law was recognized in the court's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the U.S. The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution, which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution's list of express powers, provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution.
This case established two important principles in constitutional law. First, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.
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Books/Sources
- Aggressive Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland and the Foundation of Federal Authority in the Young Republic - Richard E. Ellis
- McCulloch V. Maryland: State V Federal Power (Supreme Court Milestones) - Susan Dudley Gold
Youtube
- AP US History Topic 6-2 Pivotal Supreme Court Cases David Busch Buschistory
- McCulloch v. Maryland 1977 Judicial Conference of the United States